HCSGD entry for PPARG
1. General information
| Official gene symbol | PPARG |
|---|---|
| Entrez ID | 5468 |
| Gene full name | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| Other gene symbols | CIMT1 GLM1 NR1C3 PPARG1 PPARG2 PPARgamma |
| Links to Entrez Gene | Links to Entrez Gene |
2. Neighbors in the network
3. Gene ontology annotation
GO ID | GO term | Evidence | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000122 | Negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | IDA IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0001012 | RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding | IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0001890 | Placenta development | IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0002674 | Negative regulation of acute inflammatory response | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding | IDA ISS | molecular_function |
| GO:0003682 | Chromatin binding | IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0003700 | Sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | IDA ISS | molecular_function |
| GO:0003707 | Steroid hormone receptor activity | IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0004879 | Ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity | IDA IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0004955 | Prostaglandin receptor activity | TAS | molecular_function |
| GO:0005515 | Protein binding | IPI | molecular_function |
| GO:0005634 | Nucleus | IDA IEA | cellular_component |
| GO:0005654 | Nucleoplasm | TAS | cellular_component |
| GO:0005829 | Cytosol | IEA ISS | cellular_component |
| GO:0006367 | Transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006629 | Lipid metabolic process | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0006919 | Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0007165 | Signal transduction | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0007507 | Heart development | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0007584 | Response to nutrient | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0008144 | Drug binding | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0008217 | Regulation of blood pressure | IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0008270 | Zinc ion binding | IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0008285 | Negative regulation of cell proliferation | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0009409 | Response to cold | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0010467 | Gene expression | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0010745 | Negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | IC IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0010871 | Negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0010887 | Negative regulation of cholesterol storage | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0010891 | Negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0015909 | Long-chain fatty acid transport | IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0019395 | Fatty acid oxidation | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0019899 | Enzyme binding | IPI | molecular_function |
| GO:0030224 | Monocyte differentiation | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0030308 | Negative regulation of cell growth | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0030374 | Ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0030855 | Epithelial cell differentiation | IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0031000 | Response to caffeine | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0031100 | Organ regeneration | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0032526 | Response to retinoic acid | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0032869 | Cellular response to insulin stimulus | IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0033189 | Response to vitamin A | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0033613 | Activating transcription factor binding | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0033993 | Response to lipid | ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0035357 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway | IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0042493 | Response to drug | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0042593 | Glucose homeostasis | IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0042953 | Lipoprotein transport | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0043565 | Sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA IEA | molecular_function |
| GO:0043627 | Response to estrogen | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0044212 | Transcription regulatory region DNA binding | IDA ISS | molecular_function |
| GO:0045087 | Innate immune response | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0045165 | Cell fate commitment | IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0045600 | Positive regulation of fat cell differentiation | IEA ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0045713 | Low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0045892 | Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0045893 | Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | ISS | biological_process |
| GO:0045944 | Positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | IDA IEA IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0046321 | Positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0046965 | Retinoid X receptor binding | IDA | molecular_function |
| GO:0048469 | Cell maturation | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0048662 | Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0048714 | Positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0050544 | Arachidonic acid binding | ISS | molecular_function |
| GO:0050872 | White fat cell differentiation | IEA ISS TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0050873 | Brown fat cell differentiation | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0051091 | Positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0051974 | Negative regulation of telomerase activity | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0055088 | Lipid homeostasis | TAS | biological_process |
| GO:0055098 | Response to low-density lipoprotein particle | IDA | biological_process |
| GO:0060336 | Negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | IMP | biological_process |
| GO:0060694 | Regulation of cholesterol transporter activity | IC | biological_process |
| GO:0071285 | Cellular response to lithium ion | IEA | biological_process |
| GO:0071407 | Cellular response to organic cyclic compound | IEA | biological_process |
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4. Expression levels in datasets
- Meta-analysis result
| p-value up | p-value down | FDR up | FDR down |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.9378505110 | 0.0006432012 | 0.9999902473 | 0.0471579387 |
- Individual experiment result
( "-" represent NA in the specific microarray platform )
( "-" represent NA in the specific microarray platform )
| Data source | Up or down | Log fold change |
|---|---|---|
| GSE11954 | Up | 0.0324478759 |
| GSE13712_SHEAR | Down | -0.2002185962 |
| GSE13712_STATIC | Up | 0.1645613757 |
| GSE19018 | Up | 0.2354264685 |
| GSE19899_A1 | Down | -1.3113379926 |
| GSE19899_A2 | Down | -3.4869070957 |
| PubMed_21979375_A1 | Down | -4.0201701942 |
| PubMed_21979375_A2 | Down | -2.7439421381 |
| GSE35957 | Down | -0.1668277021 |
| GSE36640 | Down | -0.6785664133 |
| GSE54402 | Down | -1.6355382198 |
| GSE9593 | Down | -0.1269214061 |
| GSE43922 | Down | -2.2488633272 |
| GSE24585 | Down | -0.3811356839 |
| GSE37065 | Up | 0.1211925616 |
| GSE28863_A1 | Up | 0.0836268114 |
| GSE28863_A2 | Down | -0.7885561183 |
| GSE28863_A3 | Up | 0.3425062024 |
| GSE28863_A4 | Down | -0.0692372335 |
| GSE48662 | Up | 0.0992081868 |
5. Regulation relationships with compounds/drugs/microRNAs
- Compounds
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- Drugs
Not regulated by drugs
- MicroRNAs
- mirTarBase
- mirTarBase
MiRNA_name | mirBase ID | miRTarBase ID | Experiment | Support type | References (Pubmed ID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-miR-20b-5p | MIMAT0001413 | MIRT004000 | Luciferase reporter assay//qRT-PCR | Functional MTI | 21042576 |
| hsa-miR-27b-3p | MIMAT0000419 | MIRT005023 | Luciferase reporter assay//qRT-PCR | Functional MTI | 19800867 |
| hsa-miR-27b-3p | MIMAT0000419 | MIRT005023 | Luciferase reporter assay//qRT-PCR//Western blot | Functional MTI | 22120719 |
| hsa-miR-138-5p | MIMAT0000430 | MIRT005489 | qRT-PCR | Functional MTI (Weak) | 20486779 |
| hsa-miR-130a-3p | MIMAT0000425 | MIRT005957 | GFP reporter assay//qRT-PCR//Western blot | Functional MTI | 21135128 |
| hsa-miR-130b-3p | MIMAT0000691 | MIRT005958 | GFP reporter assay//qRT-PCR//Western blot | Functional MTI | 21135128 |
| hsa-miR-1 | MIMAT0000416 | MIRT023678 | Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 18668037 |
| hsa-miR-215-5p | MIMAT0000272 | MIRT024414 | Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 19074876 |
| hsa-miR-192-5p | MIMAT0000222 | MIRT026368 | Microarray | Functional MTI (Weak) | 19074876 |
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- mirRecord
- mirRecord
MicroRNA name | mirBase ID | Target site number | MiRNA mature ID | Test method inter | MiRNA regulation site | Reporter target site | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsa-miR-27b-3p | MIMAT0000419 | 1 | hsa-miR-27b | 20164187 | |||
| hsa-miR-27b-3p | MIMAT0000419 | 1 | hsa-miR-27b | 19800867 |
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6. Text-mining results about the gene
Gene occurances in abstracts of cellular senescence-associated articles: 42 abstracts the gene occurs.
PubMed ID of the article | Sentenece the gene occurs |
|---|---|
| 27391332 | Finally, during adipocyte differentiation of adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells, the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARG, LPIN1, and LPL) increased significantly over 14 days, and noteworthy is that the BSCL2 transcript without exon 7 was differentially expressed by 332 to 723% when compared to day 0, suggesting an underlying role in adipogenesis |
| 27228653 | It was observed earlier that H3K27me3 may play the role of the epigenetic switch by promoting AD of human MSC via activating expression of the PPARgamma2, the master gene of AD (Hemming et al |
| 27077805 | Activation of PPARgamma/P53 signaling is required for curcumin to induce hepatic stellate cell senescence |
| 27077805 | Further studies indicated that curcumin promoted the expression of P53 through a PPARgamma activation-dependent mechanism |
| 27077805 | Moreover, promoting PPARgamma transactivating activity by a PPARgamma agonist 15d-PGJ2 markedly enhanced curcumin induction of senescence of activated HSCs |
| 27077805 | However, the PPARgamma antagonist PD68235 eliminated curcumin induction of HSC senescence |
| 26950362 | We found that islets from human adults contain p16(Ink4a)-expressing senescent beta cells and that senescence induced by p16(Ink4a) in a human beta cell line increases insulin secretion in a manner dependent, in part, on the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma proteins |
| 26414604 | Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Co-Activator-1alpha Cooperate to Protect Cells from DNA Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Senescence |
| 26414604 | A recent report from Xiong and colleagues demonstrates a pivotal role for the transcription co-factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in maintaining TERT expression and preventing vascular senescence and atherosclerosis in mice |
| 26392399 | Telomere attrition activates downstream p53 signaling and compromises mitochondrial metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha/beta (PGC-1alpha/beta), a key process possesses peculiarities in BMMSCs distinct from other stem cells and their mature derivatives |
| 26299964 | Here, we show that ablation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) accelerates vascular aging and atherosclerosis, coinciding with telomere dysfunction and shortening and DNA damage |
| 26112889 | Most of these data were derived from experimental findings in genetically modified mice, where NFkappaB, Pcsk9, low-density lipoprotein-receptor, PPARgamma, superoxide dismutase 2, poly[adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were identified among others as crucial molecular targets and/or partners of sirtuins |
| 26105007 | Blocking LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation and cytokine production by Bay 11-7082 failed to rescue the impaired adipogenesis and the reduction in PPARgamma and Zfp423 expression |
| 25703056 | BACKGROUND: Rosiglitazone (RO), a second-generation thiazolidinedione used mainly in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, has been discovered to be a high-affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) |
| 25703056 | Several studies have revealed that PPAR-gamma is also involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation associated with aging process in vivo as well as with cellular senescence in vitro |
| 25703056 | CONCLUSIONS: RO, a potent PPAR-gamma activator, counteracts senescence-like phenotypes, including long-term growth arrest, flattened morphology, degradation of ECM and SA-beta-gal-positive staining in MDFs by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and increasing the synthesis of catalase when administered to repeated UVB irradiation |
| 25682036 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling was not involved in telmisartan-induced improvement of mitochondrial function |
| 25565110 | HF-Cas-fed rats had increased caveolin-1 and down-regulated Sirt1 leading to activations of PPARgamma and p53/p21; whereas, rats fed HF-SPI suppressed caveolin-1and activated Sirt1 to de-acetylate PPARgamma and p53 in bone |
| 25565110 | Isoflavones significantly blocked activations of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and PPARgamma/p53/p21 by NEFA |
| 25490147 | HF-Cas-fed rats had increased caveolin-1 and down-regulated Sirt1, leading to activations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and p53/p21, whereas rats fed HF-SPI suppressed caveolin-1 and activated Sirt1 to deacetylate PPARgamma and p53 in bone |
| 25490147 | Isoflavones significantly blocked activations of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and PPARgamma/p53/p21 by NEFA |
| 25388834 | Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ciglitazone, the PPARgamma agonist, protected endothelial cells against ox-LDL through regulating eNOS activity and LOX-1 signalling |
| 25229978 | Acetylation-defective mutant of Ppargamma is associated with decreased lipid synthesis in breast cancer cells |
| 25229978 | Recent reports showed that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) deacetylation by SIRT1 is involved in delaying cellular senescence and maintaining the brown remodeling of white adipose tissue |
| 25101957 | Modulation of PPARgamma provides new insights in a stress induced premature senescence model |
| 25101957 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) may be involved in a key mechanism of the skin aging process, influencing several aspects related to the age-related degeneration of skin cells, including antioxidant unbalance |
| 25101957 | Among possible PPARgamma modulators, we selected 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa), a member of the parrodiene family, previously reported to promote melanogenesis and antioxidant defense in normal human melanocytes through a mechanism involving PPARgamma activation |
| 25101957 | Exposure to PUVA induced an early and significant decrease in PPARgamma expression and activity |
| 25101957 | PPARgamma up-modulation counteracted the antioxidant imbalance induced by PUVA and reduced the expression of stress response genes with a synergistic increase of different components of the cell antioxidant network, such as catalase and reduced glutathione |
| 25101957 | Our data suggest that PPARgamma is one of the targets of PUVA-SIPS and that its pharmacological up-modulation may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the photooxidative skin damage |
| 24675459 | The reduction in the fat layer may result from the decrease of mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity accompanied by elevated expression of energy expenditure genes, and possibly as compensatory effects, leading to the elevation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, an inducer of sebocyte differentiation |
| 24675459 | In addition, Blimp1(+) sebocytes become depleted concomitantly with an increase in cellular senescence, which can be reversed by PPARgamma antagonist (BADGE) treatment |
| 24264057 | Studies on p53 knockout (KO) mice collectively demonstrate that ablation of p53 content reduces intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondrial yield, reduces cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha protein content whilst also reducing mitochondrial respiration and increasing reactive oxygen species production during state 3 respiration in IMF mitochondria |
| 23788763 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha deletion induces angiotensin II-associated vascular dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress and vascular inflammation |
| 23788763 | OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is an important mediator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function |
| 23549616 | 17beta-estradiol (E2) treatment of cells results in an upregulation of SIRT1 and a down-regulation of PPARgamma |
| 23549616 | The decrease in PPARgamma expression is mediated by increased degradation of PPARgamma |
| 23549616 | The PPARgamma interacts with ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1 through a conserved PPXY-WW binding motif |
| 23549616 | The WW3 domain in NEDD4-1 is critical for binding to PPARGamma |
| 23549616 | NEDD4-1 overexpression leads to PPARgamma ubiquitination and reduced expression of PPARgamma |
| 23549616 | Conversely, knockdown of NEDD4-1 by specific siRNAs abolishes PPARGamma ubiquitination |
| 23549616 | Here, we show that NEDD4-1 delays cellular senescence by degrading PPARGamma expression |
| 23549616 | Taken together, our data show that E2 could upregulate SIRT1 expression via promoting the PPARGamma ubiquitination-proteasome degradation pathway to delay the process of cell senescence |
| 23430617 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha is a central negative regulator of vascular senescence |
| 23430617 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance |
| 23278893 | Azelaic acid reduced senescence-like phenotype in photo-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts: possible implication of PPARgamma |
| 23278893 | We previously unrevealed that anti-inflammatory activity of AzA involves a specific activation of PPARgamma, a nuclear receptor that plays a relevant role in inflammation and even in ageing processes |
| 23278893 | Interestingly, PUVA-SIPS showed a decreased activation of PPARgamma and AzA counteracted this effect, suggesting that AzA effect involves PPARgamma modulation |
| 23278893 | All together these data showed that AzA interferes with PUVA-induced senescence-like phenotype and its ability to activate PPAR-gamma provides relevant insights into the anti-senescence mechanism |
| 23241314 | The results revealed the existence of several, previously unreported, changes in lipid and amino-acid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, also involving cell senescence |
| 23022608 | This was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial mass detected by mitotracker green staining, an increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha) and succinate dehydrogenase activity as detected by MTT |
| 23000914 | In addition, activation of PPARdelta, but not PPARalpha or PPARgamma, significantly enhanced SIRT1 promoter activity and protein expression |
| 22868792 | This is mainly due to the lack of reactivity of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in old animals |
| 22738657 | Oxidative stress-related signals and some microRNAs affect the differentiation potential shift of MSC by directly targeting key regulatory factors such as Runx-2 or PPAR-gamma, and energy metabolism pathway is involved as well |
| 22539595 | In addition, exercise increased the expression of important regulators of the antioxidative defense including heme oxygenase-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, decreased aortic reactive oxygen species levels, and prevented endothelial cell senescence in an alpha1AMPK-dependent manner |
| 22207551 | Ascorbic acid deficiency accelerates aging of hepatic stellate cells with up-regulation of PPARgamma |
| 22207551 | We have found that the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is a protein related to lipid metabolism and HSC quiescence, was increased in hypertrophic HSCs by aging and vitamin C (VC) deficiency, whereas these phenomena were dramatically reduced by antioxidant treatment |
| 21627568 | The expression of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) in TDSCs after adipogenic induction decreased with passaging |
| 21188535 | Real time RT-PCR demonstrated that both C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma decreased in senescent BM-MSC |
| 21188535 | However, in UC-MSC, PPARgamma decreased but C/EBPalpha increased in late phase compared to early phase |
| 21188535 | C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma could regulate the balance of adipogenic differentiation in BM-MSC but only PPARgamma not C/EBPalpha was involved in the adipogenic differentiation in UC-MSC |
| 20890120 | In this Extra View we discuss the interactive role of three molecules, PPARgamma, nocturnin and IGF-I in regulating stem cell fate in the marrow and the potential implications of this network for understanding cellular aging |
| 20819672 | Candidate genes including LMNA, ZMPSTE24, PPAR G, INSR and WRN were sequenced to screen for DNA variants |
| 20713685 | VAT-EC exhibited a marked angiogenic and inflammatory state with decreased expression of metabolism-related genes, including endothelial lipase, GPIHBP1, and PPAR gamma |
| 20660480 | In this study, we show that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), which is a ligand-regulated modular nuclear receptor that governs adipocyte differentiation and inhibits cellular proliferation, inhibits SIRT1 expression at the transcriptional level |
| 20660480 | Moreover, both PPARgamma and SIRT1 can bind the SIRT1 promoter |
| 20660480 | PPARgamma directly interacts with SIRT1 and inhibits SIRT1 activity, forming a negative feedback and self-regulation loop |
| 20660480 | In addition, our data show that acetylation of PPARgamma increased with increasing cell passage number |
| 20660480 | We propose that PPARgamma is subject to regulation by acetylation and deacetylation via p300 and SIRT1 in cellular senescence |
| 20660480 | These results demonstrate a mutual regulation between PPARgamma and SIRT1 and identify a new posttranslational modification that affects cellular senescence |
| 20627123 | Likewise, sumoylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) augments its anti-inflammatory activity |
| 19797472 | The PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury |
| 19797472 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists not only improve metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and consequent diabetic nephropathy, but they also protect against nondiabetic chronic kidney disease in experimental models |
| 19797472 | Here, we found that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone protected against renal injury in aging; it reduced proteinuria, improved GFR, decreased sclerosis, and alleviated cell senescence |
| 19797472 | Increased local expression of PPAR-gamma paralleled these changes |
| 19797472 | These results suggest that PPAR-gamma agonists may benefit aging-related renal injury by improving mitochondrial function |
| 19526322 | The mRNA levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma and S100A1 were maximal during adipocyte differentiation and then significantly decreased |
| 19526322 | LPS decreased the mRNA levels of C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma at all time points, as well as those of GLUT4, IRS-1 and adiponectin |
| 18544633 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in the inhibition of cell growth by promoting cell-cycle arrest, and PPARgamma activation induces the expression of p16(INK4alpha) (CDKN2A), an important cell-cycle inhibitor that can induce senescence |
| 18544633 | Western blotting studies demonstrated that PPARgamma activation can upregulate the expression of p16(INK4alpha) |
| 18544633 | PPARgamma can bind to the p16 promoter and induce its transcription, and, after treatment with a selective PPARgamma agonist, we observed more-robust expression of p16(INK4alpha) in senescent cells than in young cells |
| 18544633 | In addition, our data indicate that phosphorylation of PPARgamma decreased with increased cell passage |
| 18288288 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and the molecular target for the thiazolidinediones (TZD), used clinically to treat insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| 18288288 | In SMCs, PPARgamma is prominently upregulated during neointima formation and suppresses the proliferative response to injury of the arterial wall |
| 18288288 | Among the molecular target genes regulated by PPARgamma in SMCs are genes encoding proteins involved in the regulation of cell-cycle progression, cellular senescence, and apoptosis |
| 18288288 | This review will summarize the transcriptional target genes regulated by PPARgamma in SMCs and outline the therapeutic implications of PPARgamma activation for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications |
| 17535427 | In undifferentiated senescent cells, PPARG2 and LPL expression is unaltered, whereas LEP and FABP4 transcript levels are increased but not in all clones |
| 17535427 | Bisulfite sequencing analysis of DNA methylation reveals overall relative stability of LEP, PPARG2, FABP4 and LPL promoter CpG methylation during senescence and upon differentiation |
| 15811424 | When we overexpressed caveolin-1 in young hMSC, not only insulin signaling but also adipogenic differentiation was significantly suppressed with down-regulated PPARgamma2 |
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